Coal breaker



Jan. 2,1, 1930. G, w, BORTON l 1,744,028

COAL BREAKER FiledlOCt. 28, 192'?. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 241 1930 G. w. BoRToN 1,744,028

COAL BREAKER Filed 0G12. 28. 192'? 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 21, 1930 UNITED STATES PTENTIQFFI'CE GEORGE WHBORTON, F NEW LISBON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO PENNSYLVANIA CEUSHER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATIGN OF NEW YORK lcom. BREAKER Application mea october 2s, 1927. serial No; 229,323;

My invention relates to coal breakers of the Bradford type,and one object of my invention is to increase the eiiiciency of machines of this character and insure comminution of the material undergoing treaty-ment to the delsired size, and complete discharge of the same" through the foraminous wall of the cylinder.

A further object of my invention is to provide a breaker of the Bradford type with beating mechanism disposed at one end of the cylinder and toward which the material undergoing treatment is advanced by Suitablev ture, whereby the material undergoing treatment is successively lifted and dropped for the purpose of breakage and at the same time is fed longitudinally f the breaker chamber from the receiving end of the same.

A further object of my invention is to provide at one end of the chamber a beater structure which may comprise a rotor carrying suitable blades or hammers rotating at a speed greater than that of the cylinder, whereby such portion of the material undergoing treatment reaching said chamber is subjected to impact in additionto the fracture which may be effected by falling from vthe shelves and striking the lower portion of the structure.

These and other features of my invention ware more fully described hereinafter; referencebeing had to theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure. 1 is a view in elevation, partly in section, of a breaker structure embodying my present improvements.

Fig. 2 is an end, elevation partly in section looking in the direction of the arrow a, Fig. 1. o

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line IIL-III, Fig. 1,

Figs. 4 and 5 are views illustrating details of my invention.

The breaker structure as a whole is of substantially the same type as those illustrated 'in the patent of Bortonand Hiller, No.

1,086,129, Feb. 3, 1914, and the patent of Hiller No. 1, 322,568, Nov. 25, 1919; having a foraminous wall which may be made up of plates of the type setforth in. the patentof J. H. Doerres, No. 1,563,17 3, dated Nov. 24:,

1925, which plates are flat for the greater portion of their extent and are provided with edge anges disposed in lapped relation when assembled to form the cylinder of the breaker structure. It will be understood, of course,

that while plates'of this type are preferred, the present invention is not limited-A in any sense to the use of plates of this type in con- Y structing the breaker cylinder.

As illustrated in the patents referred to and in the accompanying drawings, the cylinder comprises end frames or spiders 1 and .2, connected by I beams 3, which maybe of rail type if desired, and between which the foraminous plates 4:, which make up what may be termed the screen portion of the breaker, are confined. Internally of the drum or cylinder shelves 5 are provided, which may extend throughout the length of the same and in practice these shelves may be associated with alternate beams extending longitudinally of the structure and secured to the latter by the fastening means employed for the plates.

The inner wall of the cylinder may be provided with deflectors 6, of the type illustrated in the Plimpton patent referred to, set at a suitable angle, so that material fed into one end of the cylinder, in the present instance at the left, will be moved toward the right as the cylinder rotates.

In the present instance I have shown at the right hand end of the cylinder a separate chamber 10 in which I mount a beater structure 15. This chamber 10 may be separated from the main chamber of the breaker by a pair of walls or diaphragms 12 and 13, each provided with openings 12EL and 13a offset or staggered with respect to each other and disposed adjacent thelperiphery of the chamber, so that as the material undergoing treatment is slowly moved toward the beater chamber, it willpass into the space between the walls 12. and 13, and by means of plows or deflectors lof suitable type disposed there-` where it will be carried up by shelves 5", which may be extensions of the shelves 5, or may be independently mounted in the beater chamber alone in case such shelves are omitted in the chamber between the spaced walls 12 and 13. These shelves will lift the material undergoing treatment and discharge the same into the zone of the blades or hammers`15, carried by the rotor 16, of the beater structure 15 disposed within said chamber.

l3reakers of the type described are mounted upon trunnions; those in the present instance bein indicated at 20 and 21 and carried by the graines or s iders 1 and 2 at each end of the cylinder. rllhese trunnions ma be supported by suitable .bearings 22 in w ich they may turn. In order that motion may be imparted to the cylinder, the frame or spider at one end of the same is provided with a spur gear 23, to which motion may be imparted rom a pinion 24, driven in any suitable manner. The trunnion 21 at the end of the structure adjacent `thebeater chamber is hollow, and receives the shaft 25, upon which the rotor 16, carr ing the beaters is mounted; supports for t e bearing 26 of the latter being provided by the spaced walls 12 and 13, and the outboard bearing being formed by a bronze bushing 27 supported by the trun nion 21. If desired a further bearing ma be provided as indicated at 28. The sha t 25 carries a pulley or other member 29 where-l by it may be driven at the desired speed, which is in excess of the speed of the main cylinder. Any suitable form of -driving means maIv be employed.

While have-'shown a structure in which a pair of walls or diaphragms, indicated at l2 or 13 are employed, it is possible to construct and operate my im roved device with a single diaphragm or wa l having restricted openings adjacent to the peripher and such construction is within the scope o 'my invention. A single wall will rovide proper support for the inner end ofp the shaft 25.

In some instances the walls 12 and 13 forming the intermediate chamber may be omitted and the inner bearing sup orted by struts orming a spider and exten ing inwardly from the end frame -orv spider 2. It willbe noted that this end of t e structure is closed, although this is not essential. When of closed form, it will be provided with a door 3 0.

In operation, coal to be broken is fed into the cylmder b means of a chute 3l at the left hand 'end of t e cylinder, and is subjected to such breakage or fracture as maybe occasioned by normal operation wherein the material is carried up` by the shelves and dropped into the lower portion of the revolving cylinder in the usual manner. mounted upon the walls of the cylinder gradually move the material forward during the lifting and dropping actions toward the wall for the shaft 25 may be The delectorsj 12 of the intermediate chamber; such ma. terial finding its way into and through such chamber via the openings 12 and 13 and being deflected therefrom by plows or other means into the beater chamber 10, which may be provided with shelves similar to'those of the main chamber whereby the material delivered to such chamber may be raised, and in dropping from these shelves such material falls into the zone of the beaters and is finally broken; passing from such chamber through the foraminous wall after being broken to the desired size.

The beaters employed may be liat blades occupyin substantially the entire width of the cham er 10, or such beaters may be of the shape indicated in Fig. 4. In lieu of beaters, individual pivoted hammers 15, such as illustrated in Fig.4 `5, may be carried by the rotor structure. In all instances the rotor carrying the blades or hammers is rotated at a speed much greater than that of the cylinder.

By providing the walls 12 and 13 with restricted openings, offset wlthrespect to each, ample provision is made for the passage of the material undergoing treatment. At the same time such arrangement prevents the passage Aof large pieces or masses of foreign and uncrushable material which maybe ac-' cidentally introduced into the main chamber of the breaker.

The construction herein described and shown -in the accompanying drawings, is highly eicient in use in that it gives a minimum 'of fines on hard coals, and will establish a maximum diameter of product which is very desirable for Stoker feed.

I claim:

l. In a crushing'structure, the combination of a rotating cylinder having a foraminous wall, a series of shelves extending longitudinally of said cylinder internally of the same .whereby material introduced therein may be lifted for gravitational discharge to the lower portion thereof for fracture and subsequent discharge through said foraminous wall, means for carrying such material forward in the cylinder, a pair of walls placed across the cylinder and dividing the interior thereof into a plurality of chambers; .the space between said'walls forming an intermediate chamber and said walls having openings adjacent the periphery of the cylinder whereby material passed i-nto said intermediate chamber from the preceding chamber will be sub-` jected to annular movement for a short distance and then diverted lto an end chamber, and independently operated beating mechanism disposed in said end chamber.

2. Ina crushing structure, the combination of a rotating cylinder having a foraminous Wall and a plurality of chambers internally disposed, means for rotatingl said cylinder, a

, series ofshelves extending longitudinally of said chambers internally of the saine whereby lthereof into a plurality of material introduced into one of said chambers may be lifted for ravitational discharge tothe lower portion t ereof for fracture and subsequent discharge through thel foraminous wall, means for carrying such material forward in the chambered cylinder, and independently operated beating mechanism disposed in the end chamber toward which material is moved during rotation of the cylinder. j

3. In a crushing structure, the combination of a rotating c linder having a foraminous wall, a series o shelves extending longitudinally of said cylinder internally of the same whereby material introduced therein 'may be liftedforgravitational discharge to the lower portion thereof for fracture into a size' pers mitting discharge through said forammous wall, means for carrying such material 'forward in the cylinder, a pair of walls placed across the cylinder and dividing the interior chambers; the space between said walls forming an intermediate `chamber and said walls having openings in staggered relation adjacent to the periphery of the cylinder whereby material assed into`said intermediate chamber from the preceding chamber will be subjected to annular movement for ashort distance and then diverted to an end chamber, beating mechanism disposed in vsaid end chamber, means for driving the cylinder at a relatively slow speed, and independent means for driving the beating mechanism at a much higher speed wherebymaterial unbroken by impact against the cylinder wall and delivered to said nalchamber will be broken by impact of the beating mechanism to a size permitting passage through that portion of the forammous wall enclosing said beating chamber.

4. In a crushing structure, the combination of a rotating cylinder having a foraminous wall and a plurality of chambers internally disposed, a series of shelves extending longi` tudinally of said chamber internally of the same whereby material introduced into one of said chambers may be lifted for gravita.- tional discharge to the lower portion ofsaid chamber whereby it may be broken into a size permitting` discharge through the foraminous wall, means for carrying such material forward in the chambered cylinder, beating mechanism disposed at one end of said cylinder, means for driving the cylinder at a relatively slow speed, and independent means for driving the beating mechanism at. a much higher speed whereby material unbroken by impact against the cylinder wall and'delivered to the beating zone will be broken by impact of the beating mechanism to a size permitting passage through that portion of the lfpraminous wall enclosing said beating chamer.l

5. In a coal breaker,v the combination of a cylinder having foramincus walls throughout and divided into a plurality of compartments which may be termed main, intermediate and beating. compartments, means carried by the walls of said cylinder for lifting and advancing coal delivered to the main compartment and delivering a portion of the same to the intermediate compartment, means within the intermediate compartment forL delivering the coal entering thereinto the beater compartment, and independently operated beater means arranged within said 4beater compartment.

6. In a coal breaker, the combinatin of a cylinder having foraminous Walls throughout and divided into a plurality of compartments which may be termed main, intermediate, and beating compartments, means carried by the walls of said cylinder for lifting and advancing coal delivered to the main compartment and delivering a portion of the same to the intermediate compartment, means within the intermediate compartment for delivering the coal entering therein to the beater compartment, beater means within said beater compartment, means for driving the cylinder at a relatively slow speed, and independent means for driving saidbeating means at a relatively high speed.

7. In a coal breaker, the combination of aA cylinder comprising end frames `or spiders and a foraminous wall, longitudinal beams supporting said wall, shelves within the cylinder for lifting material introduced therein for gravitational fracture, beater mechanism located at one end of said cylinder, a plurality of Vwalls forming 4an intermediate chamber and constituting an end support for the shaft of the beater mechanism, trunnions carried by the end frames or spiders for supporting the f cylinders; one of said trunnions being 1n the cylinand constituting an end support for the shaft of the beater mechanism; said walls having oEset openings adjacent the periphery of the cylinder for the passage of material undergoing treatment, trunnions carried by the end frames or spiders for supporting the cylinder; one of said trunnions being in the form of a sleeve and receiving the shaft of the beater mechanism, means for driving the cylinder at a relatively slow'speed, and independent means for imparting high speed to the beater mechanism. f

9. In a crushing structure, the combination of a rotating cylinder having a foraminous outer wall, a cross wall or diaphragm dividing the interior of the same into a plurality of chambers, means for rotating said cylinder, a series of shelves extending longitudinally of said kchambers internally of the same whereby material introduced into one of said chambers may be lifted for gravitational discharge tothe lower portion of the same for fracture and subsequent discharge through the foraminous wall, means for carrying such material forward in the chambered cylinder, and independently operated beating mechanism disposed in an end chamber toward which material is moved during rotation of the cylinder.

In witness whereof I have signed this specifcation. GEORGE W. BORTON. 

